地球磁场短期内是稳定的，但其长期累积变化显著，对人类生存环境将产生深刻影响。采用主磁场模型IGRF，计算1590—2023年中国省会城市地磁场参数，进而分析其变化规律，得出以下结论：①在全国范围内，磁倾角持续增大约15°—17°，即磁化方向变得更加陡立。②中国东西方向横跨东经75°—135°，磁偏角有3种类型，即：西部磁偏角由西向东偏转，最大幅度约19°；中部磁偏角左右晃动，增幅较小，最大幅度约4°；东部磁偏角由东向西偏，最大幅度约12°。③地磁总场由南到北同时增大，其中：北部增幅较小，约4 000—5000 nT；中部和南部增幅较大，约6 000—8 000 nT，且以西安地区为中心。④由上述磁参数变化推测，地球磁北极正沿约97°W—100°E的经度带向中国境内西安地区快速移动。⑤地球磁场的持续增大，可能对电离层分布产生影响，进而对通讯、气候及其他方面造成影响。
The Earth's magnetic field is stable in the short term, but in the long run, the accumulation will change more and more, and the results will have a profound impact on the living environment of human beings. In this paper, the main magnetic field model, IGRF, is used to calculate the geomagnetic field parameters of China's provincial capitals from 1590 to 2023, and then their variation rules are analyzed. The following conclusions are obtained:① The magnetic inclination angle continues to increase by about 15°-17° in the whole country, that is, the magnetization direction becomes steeper.② The east-west direction of China spans 75°-135°E, and the magnetic declination angle variation is divided into three types, the western magnetic declination angle is deflected from west to east, with a maximum amplitude of 19°, the magnetic declination angle in the middle of the country sways left and right, and the increase is small, with a maximum amplitude of 4°, and the eastern magnetic declination angle is deviated from east to west, with a maximum amplitude of 12°. ③ The total geomagnetic field increases from south to north at the same time, with a small increase of about 4 000 -5 000 nT in the north and a large increase of about 6 000-8 000 nT in the central and southern regions, and is centered in Xi'an. ④ Based on the analysis of geomagnetic parameter variations, it can be inferred that the Earth's magnetic north pole is migrating rapidly toward Chinese territory along the 97°W-100°E longitudinal band. ⑤ The continuous increase of the Earth's magnetic field may affect the ionosphere distribution, and then affect communication, climate, and other aspects.
2025,46(2): 164-172 收稿日期：2024-10-28
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2025.02.019
基金项目：紫金矿业集团有限公司资助项目（项目编号：1101-ZC-2023-00212）
作者简介：贺梅艳（2003—），女，在读本科生，所学专业：地球物理学。E-mail：1556422718@qq.com
*通讯作者：强建科（1967—），男，教授，主要从事地球物理理论及应用的教学与研究。E-mail：qiangjianke@163.com
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