作为地球的“姊妹星”，金星在体积、密度和表面重力等物理特性上与地球相似，但其地质构造和内部演化却显著不同。整理金星探测的历史资料和当前研究成果，对金星的地质构造、内部演化及大气环境等研究进展进行综合分析，梳理其在大气与气候、地表地貌、内部构造、磁场与等离子体环境以及探测技术应用等方面尚未解决的科学问题，旨在通过比较金星与地球的异同，深化对行星内部结构和表面特征多样性形成机制的认识，为预测地球未来地质变化和寻找宜居行星提供关键线索。随着金星的研究热度逐渐回升，美国、俄罗斯以及欧洲等国家和地区制定了相对应的金星探测任务，有针对性地攻克上述问题。为抢占未来金星研究高地，未来探测任务将分阶段制定探测战略，综合采用遥感观测、下降探测和样品返回等多种探测手段，重点研究金星的大气成分、地质构造、地貌特征以及潜在生命迹象，以进一步揭示行星演化路径的多样性，为地球未来环境变化提供科学依据。
Venus, as the "sister star" of Earth, shares similar physical characteristics with Earth, including volume, density, and surface gravity, but its geological structure and internal evolution are significantly different. Using the historical data of Venus exploration and current research results, we have conducted a comprehensive analysis of the progress of research on the geology, internal evolution and atmospheric environment of Venus, and sorted out the unsolved scientific problems in atmosphere and climate, surface geomorphology, internal structure, magnetic field and plasma environment, and the application of exploration technology, etc. By comparing the similarities and differences between Venus and Earth, we aim to deepen our understanding of the planetary internal structure and the formation mechanism of the diverse internal structures and surface features of the planets and to provide key clues for predicting future geologic changes on Earth and searching for habitable planets. With the gradual recovery of research on Venus, the United States, Russia, Europe, and other countries and regions have formulated corresponding Venus exploration missions to tackle the above problems in a targeted manner. To seize the future highland of Venus research, future exploration missions will formulate exploration strategies in phases, and comprehensively adopt a variety of exploration means, such as remote sensing observation, descent detection and sample return, focusing on the study of Venus's atmospheric composition, geological structure, geomorphological features, and potential signs of life, to further reveal the diversity of the planet's evolution paths, and to provide the scientific basis for the Earth's future environmental changes.
2025,46(2): 1-22 收稿日期：2024-8-20
DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-3246.2025.02.001
基金项目：自然基金面上项目（项目编号：41774085）；中国地震局地球物理研究所基本科研业务费专项（项目编号：DQJB24X25）
作者简介：张曦文（2000—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事地磁数据处理和空间天气事件研究等工作。E-mail：923402625@qq.com
*通讯作者：李琪（1975—），女，研究员，主要从事空间天气和震磁关系方面的研究。E-mail：darcyli@163.com
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